Diagnosis and treatment.
Genu valgum and genu varum describe leg alignment from hip to ankle. In knock knees, the knees approach each other; in bow legs, a greater gap remains between the knees when the ankles meet.
Alignment changes naturally in childhood. We consider age, symmetry, progression and how the child walks and moves, rather than one isolated image.
We observe standing and movement, check hip and foot rotation and weight distribution. The investigation is extended when progression or severity warrants it.
Most growth-related variations only require observation. Pain, marked asymmetry, progression or alignment inconsistent with age may require specific follow-up.
Assessment distinguishes a normal stage of growth from a situation needing closer monitoring.
Not every alignment is a problem
The leg axis normally changes during growth. Age, symmetry and progression help distinguish expected variations from alignment requiring follow-up.
We examine the whole limb
Assessment is not limited to the knee: we examine the relationship between hip, tibia, ankle and foot to understand weight-bearing.
How it is assessed
We observe the child standing and moving, considering age and symmetry. More than a snapshot, we want to understand changes in alignment during growth.